Current Loop in magnetic field (How motor works!)

[Fu-Kwun Hwang]

This simulation shows a current loop in uniform magnetic field.
The black arrows show the force due to magnetic field on the loop.
or
The magnetic field in in the +Z direction if Bz>0.
Then ,torque for the loop is calculated from definition

Because the current flow in the same counter-clockwise direction.
The force on the loop change sign during each helf cycle.
If we current reverse direction during each helf cycle, the following device can turn into a motor.
A voltage source is needed in the loop to drive the current.
-*-

P.S. The above simulation did not include the induced emf due to changing magnetic field in the loop.

You are welcomed to check out a very good animation DC motor operation principle

Embed a running copy of this simulation
<applet code='users.ntnu.fkh.currentloopinb2_pkg.currentloopinb2Applet.class' archive='http://www.phy.ntnu.edu.tw/ntnujava/ejsuser/2/ejs_currentloopinb2.jar' name='currentloopinb23429' id='currentloopinb23429' width='528' height='554' mayscript=true><param name='draggable' value='true'></applet>
Embed a running copy link(show simulation in a popuped window)
<a href='http://www.phy.ntnu.edu.tw/ntnujava/msg.php?smfejs=3429' target='smfejs'>Run simulation</a>

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[Fu-Kwun Hwang]

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Here is the real motor:

In order to make motor reach stable rotational motion. A friction force is introduced: F=-constant *b*omage;//where b is the width in y-direction
Even thought magnitude of the magnetic force is the same (black arrows),
  the torque is a function of cos(w*t)



If the process is reversed: A loop rotating in a uniform magnetic field will become electric power generator.
Please check out A loop rotating in a magnetic field (How electric power generator works!)

Registed user can get files related to this applet for offline access.
Problem viewing java?Add http://www.phy.ntnu.edu.tw/ to exception site list
If java program did not show up, please download and install latest Java RUN TIME

Embed a running copy of this simulation
<applet code='users.ntnu.fkh.currentloopinbmotor_pkg.currentloopinbmotorApplet.class' archive='http://www.phy.ntnu.edu.tw/ntnujava/ejsuser/2/ejs_currentloopinbmotor.jar' name='currentloopinbmotor3432' id='currentloopinbmotor3432' width='636' height='638' mayscript=true><param name='draggable' value='true'></applet>
Embed a running copy link(show simulation in a popuped window)
<a href='http://www.phy.ntnu.edu.tw/ntnujava/msg.php?smfejs=3432' target='smfejs'>Run simulation</a>

Full screen applet or Problem viewing java?Add http://www.phy.ntnu.edu.tw/ to exception site list
Press the Alt key and the left mouse button to drag the applet off the browser and onto the desktop. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 2.5 Taiwan License

• Please feel free to post your ideas about how to use the simulation for better teaching and learning.
• Post questions to be asked to help students to think, to explore.
• Upload worksheets as attached files to share with more users.

Let's work together. We can help more users understand physics conceptually and enjoy the fun of learning physics!

[lookang]

This simulation shows a current loop in uniform magnetic field.The magnetic field in in the +Z direction if Bz>0.

1. Add vector field arrow(s) for vector Bz .

Because the current flow in the same counter-clockwise direction.

2. Add  arrow(s) line along the sides of the wires to aid visualization of I current and q current flow.
or


3. in the electron objects, can draw a negative sign -, to make it immediately association to electrons?

indeed  nice applets
can split posts into 2 separate applets for ease of discussion/collaboration etc.

thanks!

[Fu-Kwun Hwang]

I modified it according to your suggestion. However, I did not draw negative sign, because there are too many symbol shown already.
More checkboxs are added for user to decide which symbols s/he did not need! (velocity/field/force)

[lookang]

i found these applets that can be referred to for improving the Ejs applet above.

http://www.magnet.fsu.edu/education/tutorials/java/dcmotor/index.html

http://www.walter-fendt.de/ph11e/electricmotor.htm


i try to remix from your applets, i will learn a lot from remixing.

will ask again for help

[lookang]

i am done remixing Ejs Open Source DC Motor Model by Fu-Kwun Hwang and lookang
http://www.phy.ntnu.edu.tw/ntnujava/index.php?topic=1266
enjoy and thanks again Prof Hwang!

http://www.phy.ntnu.edu.tw/ntnujava/index.php?action=dlattach;topic=1266.0;attach=1432;image[/img]]http://www.phy.ntnu.edu.tw/ntnujava/index.php?topic=1266

[lookang]

Hi prof hwang,
found the second applet not loading like i encountered before.
load: class users.ntnu.fkh.currentloopinbmotor_pkg.currentloopinbmotorApplet.class not found.
java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: users.ntnu.fkh.currentloopinbmotor_pkg.currentloopinbmotorApplet.class
   at sun.plugin2.applet.Applet2ClassLoader.findClass(Unknown Source)
   at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(Unknown Source)
   at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(Unknown Source)
   at sun.plugin2.applet.Plugin2ClassLoader.loadCode(Unknown Source)
   at sun.plugin2.applet.Plugin2Manager.createApplet(Unknown Source)
   at sun.plugin2.applet.Plugin2Manager$AppletExecutionRunnable.run(Unknown Source)
   at java.lang.Thread.run(Unknown Source)
Caused by: java.io.IOException: open HTTP connection failed:http://www.phy.ntnu.edu.tw/ntnujava/ejs4/users/ntnu/fkh/currentloopinbmotor_pkg/currentloopinbmotorApplet/class.class
   at sun.plugin2.applet.Applet2ClassLoader.getBytes(Unknown Source)
   at sun.plugin2.applet.Applet2ClassLoader.access$000(Unknown Source)
   at sun.plugin2.applet.Applet2ClassLoader$1.run(Unknown Source)
   at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method)
   ... 7 more
Exception: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: users.ntnu.fkh.currentloopinbmotor_pkg.currentloopinbmotorApplet.class
Reading certificates from 11 http://www.phy.ntnu.edu.tw/ntnujava/ejsuser/14019/ejs_DCmotor.jar | C:\Users\160\AppData\LocalLow\Sun\Java\Deployment\cache\6.0\21\48384655-45e7ddf6.idx

[Fu-Kwun Hwang]

Thank you! It is fixed now.

[macfamous]

Sorry but I still get a little problem here .. may we have just a simple formula for this .. -*-

[Fu-Kwun Hwang]

The fomula for force and torque are provided in the previous posts.
May I know what kind of formula are you looking for?

[lookang]

Here is the real motor:

In order to make motor reach stable rotational motion. A friction force is introduced: F=-constant *b*omage;//where b is the width in y-direction
Even thought magnitude of the magnetic force is the same (black arrows),
  the torque is a function of cos(w*t)

<applet code="users.ntnu.fkh.currentloopinbmotor_pkg.currentloopinbmotorApplet.class" codebase="/ntnujava/ejs4/" archive="ejs_currentloopinbmotor.jar" name="currentloopinbmotor" id="currentloopinbmotor" width="626" height="628"></applet>

If the process is reversed: A loop rotating in a uniform magnetic field will become electric power generator.
Please check out A loop rotating in a magnetic field (How electric power generator works!)

Hi Prof!
i think i found a small bug that did not affect the simulation model because the inertia in your sim is always 1

the logic is
if
dcta/dt = omega

domega/dt = (getAlpha(cta) -bf*omega)/Inertia

because (getAlpha(cta) -bf*omega) = resultant torque

so magnetic torque = getAlpha(cta)
and magnetic force is F= N*I*L*B*sign2;

the a2 is actual the a2=N*I*L*B*b; (in my DC sim Ejs Open Source DC Motor Model by Fu-Kwun Hwang and lookang http://www.phy.ntnu.edu.tw/ntnujava/index.php?topic=1266) instead of a2=I*L*B*b/Inertia (in your current DC sim http://www.phy.ntnu.edu.tw/ntnujava/index.php?topic=912.msg3432#msg3432;
ignore my N because i have modified the sim into a multi turns DC motor.


is my interpretation of the physics DC model correct?
thanks!


In other words,
your model should be like this
dcta/dt = omega
domega/dt = (getAlpha(cta) -bf*omega)/Inertia
where a2=I*L*B*b; for your case, since your (or our) a2 is the torque*length b
need to modify code at 2 places.

[Fu-Kwun Hwang]

It is corrected!
I was tring to calculate torque and angular velocity.
However, it was displayed as force and velocity.
Thank you!