Fu-Kwun Hwang
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on: February 25, 2007, 02:39:04 pm » |
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 Planck's law describes the spectral radiance of electromagnetic radiation at all wavelengths from a black body at temperature T. As a function of frequency ν, Planck's law is written as  or  It can be converted to an expression for I'(λ,T) in wavelength units by substituting ν by c / λ and evaluating  or   and from  , we have  so  or  The above equation is energy per unit wavelength per unit solid angle. This applets will show six black cureves of blackbody radiation curve betwen Tmin and Tmax. Another curve in red is also shown (it's temperature can be adjusted with left slider bar) Maximum wavelength shown can be adjusted with right slider bar. You can use it for study the intensity for blackbody radiation. If you want to study different temperature range, You can change Tmin and Tmax, to change the temperature range,too. The wavelength unit in the simulation is Å (angstrom). -*- Embed a running copy of this simulation Embed a running copy link(show simulation in a popuped window) Full screen applet or Problem viewing java?Add http://www.phy.ntnu.edu.tw/ to exception site listPress the Alt key and the left mouse button to drag the applet off the browser and onto the desktop. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 2.5 Taiwan License
- Please feel free to post your ideas about how to use the simulation for better teaching and learning.
- Post questions to be asked to help students to think, to explore.
- Upload worksheets as attached files to share with more users.
Let's work together. We can help more users understand physics conceptually and enjoy the fun of learning physics!
   is the spectral energy density function with units of energy per unit wavelength per unit volume.
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Fu-Kwun Hwang
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Reply #2 on: March 16, 2009, 08:23:07 am » posted from:Taipei,T\'ai-pei,Taiwan |
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 If you want to study different temperature range, You can change Tmin and Tmax, to change the temperature range,too. Tmin an Tmax are text field, so you can enter your own range. But the intensity will change a lot. So you might want to change to log scale to view all the range. The yscale can be changed between 0-100 with slider at the right side.
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Fu-Kwun Hwang
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Reply #4 on: March 16, 2009, 10:25:28 pm » posted from:Taipei,T\'ai-pei,Taiwan |
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  cst= hc/k; add 1.e-10 because I use Ångström instead of m as unit for length.
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lookang
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Reply #5 on: March 16, 2009, 11:16:04 pm » |
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 thanks!
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lookang
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Reply #6 on: March 17, 2009, 08:56:12 am » |
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 another question is it possible to make the x axis number always 100, 200, 300, 400, nm instead of currently auto calculation now 0.1 , 0.2 , 0.3 , 0.4 X10^3 nm what is desired  what is current  i tried changing the X format to 0000 but doesn't seem to work the way i hoped. 
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« Last Edit: March 17, 2009, 09:01:49 am by lookang »
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Fu-Kwun Hwang
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Reply #7 on: March 17, 2009, 09:00:25 am » posted from:Taipei,T\'ai-pei,Taiwan |
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 I guest you were using auto-scale in the drawingPanel. Set up your xmin,xmax properly. You should be able to get what you want. Try it by yourself first. You will get to know it better.
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lookang
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Reply #8 on: March 17, 2009, 09:21:43 am » |
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 but is it possible to display 4000 instead of 4.0x10^3 ? look at my attached pictures  it is already not autoscale X, rmin and rmax are already setup rmin = 50 rmax = 3000 ok i try again 
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Fu-Kwun Hwang
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Reply #9 on: March 17, 2009, 10:02:28 am » posted from:Taipei,T'ai-pei,Taiwan |
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 There are X Format/Y Format properties, but I can not find any document at paco's web site. http://www.um.es/fem/EjsWiki/index.php/Main/ElementsPlottingPanelI have never used that before. If I really need it, I will use drawingPanel instead and I can draw those grid lines/labels with build in GUI elements. May be it can be done by setting proper value for X Format, but I do not know. Sorry!
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lookang
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Reply #10 on: March 17, 2009, 11:42:39 am » |
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 Not to worry. Maybe it can't be done yet. I will explore abit more and move on to other parts of XML .
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lookang
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Reply #11 on: March 18, 2009, 01:20:09 pm » posted from:SINGAPORE,SINGAPORE,SINGAPORE |
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 yes it is confirm it currently cannot be done http://www.um.es/fem/EjsWiki/index.php/FeedbackEn/00026quote: Resolution The axes do not allow formatting the ticks. The Format X property refers to the way the coordinates of the point appear (in a yellow box at the lower left corner of the panel) when you click on a point in the panel. unquote:BTW I am puzzled by the equation used. I look at the equation  and i look at the equation in the XML fT = "h4/((Math.exp(cst/(r*T))-1)*(r*r*r))" shouldn't fT = " 2*h*c*c/((Math.exp(cst/(r*T))-1)*(r*r*r* r*r))" ? strangely i tried to implement the new fT =" 2*h*c*c/((Math.exp(cst/(r*T))-1)*(r*r*r* r*r))" but the graph is very low and flat and near zero in value.
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« Last Edit: March 18, 2009, 01:23:40 pm by lookang »
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Fu-Kwun Hwang
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Reply #12 on: March 18, 2009, 05:53:53 pm » posted from:Taipei,T'ai-pei,Taiwan |
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 The above equation is a normalized function, i.e., integration will give you 1. So you can multiple it by any number. If you change the y-axis to log-scale, you will know how big/small it is.
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lookang
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Reply #13 on: March 18, 2009, 07:23:29 pm » posted from:Singapore,,Singapore |
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 The above equation is a normalized function, i.e., integration will give you 1. So you can multiple it by any number.
ok i understand normalized function http://mathworld.wolfram.com/NormalDistribution.htmlok i also understand the area under this normalized function is 1 but i am puzzled by the missing r*r. equation on http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planck%27s_law equation in your XML : fT = "h4/((Math.exp(cst/(r*T))-1)*(r*r*r))" notice your XML : fT has only r*r*r but the equation on wikipedia has r*r*r*r*r unless when normalized the r*r is absorbed? then it make sense to me now! I don't really know why now but at least i can accept the logic. (it that correct ?)......hahaha. If you change the y-axis to log-scale, you will know how big/small it is.
log scale i understand. i try to experiment more  Maybe i lack the prior knowledge, sorry! i don't remember encountering this equation  for black body radiation, only vaguely remember Stefan–Boltzmann law Main article: Stefan–Boltzmann law This law states that amount of thermal radiations emitted per second per unit area of the surface of a black body is directly proportional to the fourth power of its absolute temperature. The total energy radiated per unit area per unit time j^{\star} (in watts per square meter) by a black body is related to its temperature T (in kelvins) and the Stefan–Boltzmann constant σ as follows:  where sigma=5.67 x 10-8Wm-2K-4 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_body
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« Last Edit: March 18, 2009, 07:40:29 pm by lookang »
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Fu-Kwun Hwang
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Reply #14 on: March 18, 2009, 09:44:08 pm » posted from:Taipei,T\'ai-pei,Taiwan |
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 Sorry! It should be proportion to λ -5. The previous version was not correct. It is fixed now.
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lookang
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Reply #15 on: April 12, 2009, 07:37:28 pm » |
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 hi prof, based on your new equations what is the unit of the intensity? http://phet.colorado.edu/simulations/sims.php?sim=Blackbody_SpectrumI am trying to verify both your equations with the  phet has the units of MW/m^2/µ.m can explain what is your applet's? Thanks! attached is my remix copy of your original first version which i modify by looking at the 2nd version 
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Fu-Kwun Hwang
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Reply #16 on: April 12, 2009, 10:17:02 pm » posted from:Taipei,T\'ai-pei,Taiwan |
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 I modified the code again. The unit for the intensity is change to W/(m 2-Å), where Å is angstrom 10 -10m.
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lookang
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Reply #17 on: April 13, 2009, 10:28:16 am » posted from:SINGAPORE,SINGAPORE,SINGAPORE |
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  or  The above equation is energy per unit wavelength per unit solid angle.  is spectral energy density function with units of energy per unit wavelength per unit volume. Question1: In school, i taught intensity = power / area. so actually what the y-axis is displaying is intensity/ wavelength ?  is spectral energy density function with units of energy per unit wavelength per unit area volume. Suggestion: Should the applet called it energy density function with units of energy per unit wavelength per unit areaQuestion2: in your current XML eightpihc2 = 8*pi*h*c*c*1.e40 but i don't understand why  has only 1 c, if you code is 2 c's Is the image wrong? Question3: what is the url of the wikimedia.org? for the picture http://upload.wikimedia.org/math/3/6/c/36c7c70624f4ed44af2f004c87bf22c4.pngmaybe i can go read a bit to understand more Where did you find this equation  i look through http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermal_radiationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_bodybut no 
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« Last Edit: April 13, 2009, 10:47:37 am by lookang »
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lookang
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Reply #18 on: April 13, 2009, 09:34:40 pm » posted from:Singapore,,Singapore |
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Fu-Kwun Hwang
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Reply #19 on: April 13, 2009, 10:38:36 pm » posted from:Taipei,T\'ai-pei,Taiwan |
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 What is shown in the simulation is  . It is the emitted power per unit area of emitting surface, per unit solid angle, and per unit wavelength (in unit of Å :angstrom). If integral over all solid angle, it need to be multipled by 4*π.
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lookang
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Reply #20 on: April 14, 2009, 10:15:55 am » posted from:SINGAPORE,SINGAPORE,SINGAPORE |
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 oic....thanks for the clarification. by the way, i being trying to figure out how to add text to the AnalyticCurve Family to show dynamically on the plottingpanel. TS[0] = 1000 TS[1] = TS[2]= . . TS[9]= 6000 Any tips which text do i used? A 2D text ? or a set of 2D text? I am having difficulty nailing dynamically  the position of the text to be at the peak of the function fT i suspect conceptually, i need to differentiate fT w.r.t. math_failure (math_unknown_error): \lambda \
, equate to zero for the turning point for the highest position PosX, sub back to get the PosY. But i dunno how to do in programming. the end result is something like this  Thanks for your help. I notice you are doing of things with other members, keep up the good work:)
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« Last Edit: April 14, 2009, 10:30:01 am by lookang »
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Fu-Kwun Hwang
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Reply #21 on: April 14, 2009, 10:43:45 am » posted from:Taipei,T'ai-pei,Taiwan |
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 If TS[n] are strings to be displayed at TX[n], TY[n] (where TX[n],TY[n] are coordinate for the string-- you need to calculate those in a loop.) Use TextSet instead of adding Text one by one. Assign: # of Elements: n Pos X: Tx Pos Y: Ty Text : TS Offset: WEST Pixel Size: true You can calculate the differentiation directly by yourself or find out equation for the highest point from wiki page: Tmax=constant/lambda.
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lookang
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Reply #22 on: April 14, 2009, 04:54:41 pm » posted from:Singapore,,Singapore |
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 amazing ! i will study you codes with the new additionals of text. It is really cool now! will report back my findings 
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lookang
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Reply #23 on: April 14, 2009, 10:08:50 pm » posted from:Singapore,,Singapore |
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 amazing codes you have. My attempt at making a remix for nanometre 10 -9 m instead of angstrom 10 -10 m. http://www.phy.ntnu.edu.tw/ntnujava/index.php?topic=1037.0basic code needed to make text appear are: // code to appear Tmax top position // taken from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planck%27s_law// This function peaks for hc = 4.97λkT, a factor of 1.76 shorter in wavelength (higher in frequency) than the frequency peak. It is the more commonly used peak in Wien's displacement law. // xm is λ where peak occurs 1. xmred=TXred=h*c/(4.97*k*T)*1.e9; // cos lookang doing nm instead of Am 2. TMSGred="T="+((int)((T*10+0.5)/10.))+"K, peak at "+(int)((xmred*10+0.5)/10.) +" nm"; 3. TYred=twohc2/((Math.exp(cst/(xmred*T))-1)*(xmred*xmred*xmred*xmred*xmred)); 4. Text properties are: PosX is TXred PosY is TYred Pixel Size is True Text is %TMSGred% Amazing learning from this codes, lucky you made the text, i still can't create these codes myself.....sigh  Thanks!
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« Last Edit: April 14, 2009, 10:26:48 pm by lookang »
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